|
Species (& synonyms) |
Operculina turpethum (L.)Silva Manso =Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah &
Bhat |
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|
Vernacular name |
Karunjivadai (Tam.) |
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|
Family |
CONVOLVULACEAE |
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|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
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|
Habit |
Climber |
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|
Habitat |
Coastal
plains to moist deciduous forest |
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|
Original global
distribution |
Old
World tropics from E.Africa to Australia and Polynesia. |
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|
Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
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|
- Elevation (m) |
Sea
level to 1,000 |
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|
- Range (km2) |
<
20,000 (KA) |
3,000
(KL) |
>
20,000 (TN). |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
<
2,000 (KA) |
<
100 (KL) |
>
2,000 (TN). |
|
- No. of locations |
Few,
fragmented (KA) |
25
(KL) |
Many
(TN) |
|
Population Trends |
|
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|
- % decline |
>20
(KA) |
>
50 (KL) |
10
(TN) |
|
- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
3
generations |
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|
- No. of mature individuals |
Not
known (KA) |
250
(KL) |
<
2,000 (TN) |
|
Global population |
Not
assessed |
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|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
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|
Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings and indirect information |
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|
Recent field studies |
N.Anil
Kumar (1989), Pathanamthitta (KL).
Suresh Baburaj (1997), Erode; D.Narasimhan (1998), Chengalpet; K.Ravikumar
(1990-97), Madurai and Ennore near Chennai (TN). |
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|
Threats |
Harvest
for medicine (Hm), Trade (T). |
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|
Trade |
Local |
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|
Other comments |
Roots
used in all recognised medicine system and in folk medicine also. Roots used
by pharmaceutical industries. Seeds and fruits used for dry decoration.
Proportion global population in Tamil Nadu is < 5 %. |
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|
Status |
|
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|
- IUCN |
VU (KA) |
EN (KL) |
LRnt (TN) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a) – KA Population
reduction (Aa.c), Extent of Occurrence (B1a.b.d.e) - KL |
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|
- CITES |
Not
listed |
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- IWPA |
|
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|
- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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|
Recommendations |
|
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|
- Research management |
Survey-search
and find (S), Monitoring (M), Limiting factor research (Lr), Habitat
management (Hm), Life history studies (Lh). |
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|
- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
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|
- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
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|
- Level of difficulty |
Level
2 (Moderately difficult) |
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|
Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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|
- Names of facilities |
Experimental
cultivation in AVS Herbal garden, Kottakal. |
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|
Previous assessment |
LRnt in CAMP-I (Feb.‘95) compiled by N.Anil Kumar,
P.Balasubramanian, M.P.Nayar, A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh,
D.Ramkanth, C.J.Saldanha, Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, U.S.Seal,
A.N.Shetty, B.V.Shetty, C.K.Sreedharan, K.N.Subramanian, D.K.Ved, Vinay
Tandon |
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|
Sources |
N.Anil
Kumar, Suresh Baburaj, D.Narasimhan, K.Ravikumar (persn. observn.). |
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|
Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan,
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani,
T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved,
Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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