Species (& synonyms)	Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth.ex Kurz
Vernacular name	Sarpaganthi (Kan., Mal. & Tam.); Sivan amalpodi (Tam.)
Family	APOCYNACEAE
Taxonomic status	Species
Habit	Under shrub
Habitat	Moist deciduous to evergreen forest
Original global distribution	India, Tropical Himalayas, Sri Lanka, Malaya
Current regional distribution	Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu
- Elevation (m)	500 – 1,200
- Range (km^2)	> 50,000 (KA)	4,000 (KL)	> 20,000 (TN)
- Area occupied (km^2)	> 5,000 (KA)	300 (KL)	< 1,000 (TN)
- No. of locations	Many
Population Trends
- % decline	> 50
- Time/Rate ( years or generations)	10 years
- No. of mature individuals	Not assessed
Global population	Not assessed
Regional population	Declining rapidly
Data quality	General field studies, informal sightings and herbarium data
Recent field studies	KFD (1998), Hebri, Virnoli, Mandagadde (Shimoga) Gerusoppa and Kangood; B.S.Somashekhar (1997), Devabagh, Karwar; P.S.Udayan, K.Ravikumar, S.P.Subramani (1996-98), Charmady and Subramanya MPCAs, Balagund, Warkhad (KA). N.Sasidharan (1995-97), Thrissur, Chendurney, Wynaad, Attapady, Periyar Tiger Reserve; A.G.Pandurangan (1996), Kulathupuzha, Kallar, Pamba; S.Aroumougame (1995), Palakkad; P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Mulayankadu forest, Purakkayam, Muthikulam, Thommankuth, Konnakkadavu, Ambalamala, Ponthanpuzha, Palakambu (KL). M.B.Viswanathan (1998), Peechiparai; D.Narasimhan (1996-97), Javadi hills; Suresh Baburaj (1993-94), Siruvani; V.S.Ramachandran (1996), Courtallum; M.P.Nayar (1996), Muthukuzi vayal; S.S.R.Bennet (1996), Valparai; D.Stephen (1994), Mudumalai; K.Ravikumar (1992-93), Keeriparai (TN).
Threats	Trade for parts (Tp), Harvest for medicine (Hm), Over exploitation (Ov), Human interference (I), Fire (Sf).
Trade	Local, Commercial.
Other comments	Devastating collection from the wild for its medicinal roots. Widely cultivated for medicinal value. Proportion global population in Tamil Nadu is < 5 %.
Status
-IUCN:	EN (KA)	EN (KL)	EN (TN)
- Criteria based on	Population reduction (Aa.d)
- CITES	Yes
- IWPA (1972; 91)	Yes
- National legialation	Yes in negative list of exports (Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002)
Recommendations
- Research management	Monitoring (M), Habitat management (Hm).
- P.H.V.A.	Yes
Cultivation prog. recommendations
- Cultivation	Level 1 (ex-situ)
- Level of difficulty	Level 1 (Least difficult)
Existing cultivation	Yes
- Names of facilities	Sample live specimens are available in TBGRI, CIMH, KFRI, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka Forest departments.
Previous assessment	EN in CAMP-I (Feb.95) compiled by N.Anil Kumar, P.Balasubramanian, M.P.Nayar, A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, D.Ramkanth, C.J.Saldanha, Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, U.S.Seal, A.N.Shetty, B.V.Shetty, C.K.Sreedharan, K.N.Subramanian, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon
Sources	KFD, B.S.Somashekhar, P.S.Udayan, K.Ravikumar, S.P.Subramani, N.Sasidharan, A.G.Pandurangan, S.Aroumougame, N.Anil Kumar, M.B.Viswanathan, D.Narasimhan, Suresh Baburaj, V.S.Ramachandran, M.P.Nayar, Bennet, D.Stephen (persn, observn.).
Compilers	M.Abdul Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha, R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram, C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan, V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty, B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan.