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Species (& synonyms) |
Symplocos racemosa Roxb. =S. beddomei C.B.Clarke =S. candolleana Brand |
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Vernacular name |
Bala doddli (Kan.); Vellilethi (Tam.) |
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Family |
SYMPLOCACEAE |
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Taxonomic status |
Species |
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Habit |
Tree |
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Habitat |
Semi-evergreen
to shola forests |
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Original global
distribution |
South
east Asia |
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Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
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- Elevation (m) |
700
– 2,200 |
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- Range (km2) |
<
50,000 (KA) |
<
3, 500 (KL) |
<
20,000 (TN) |
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- Area occupied (km2) |
>
2,000 (KA) |
<
200 (KL) |
<
100 (TN) |
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- No. of locations |
Many
(KA) |
15
(KL) |
Few
(TN) |
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Population Trends |
|
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- % decline |
>
20 (KA) |
Not
known (KL) |
<
10 (TN) |
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- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
3
generations |
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- No. of mature individuals |
Many
(KA) |
Not
known (KL) |
<
500 (TN) |
|
Global population |
Not
assessed |
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Regional population |
Declining |
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Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings, indirect observation and literature. |
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Recent field studies |
KFD,
FORTI (1998), North Kannada, Shimoga, Chikmagalur; K.Ravikumar, P.S.Udayan,
S.P.Subramani (1997-98), Talacauveri, Devimane, Agumbe and Kemmangundi MPCAs
(KA). V.S.Ramachandran (1992-95),
Chemmakudi, Wynaad and Thiruvananthapuram; N.Sasidharan (1994), Silent
Valley, Chendurney WLS, Thiruvananthapuram, Periyar Tiger reserve;
K.Ravikumar (1992), Sholayar to Chalakudi forests, Idukki, Munnar (KL). K.Ravikumar (1993), Kakkachi
hills; R.Ganesan (1992-97), Upper Kodayar, Kakkachi, Agasthiarmalai;
R.Gopalan (1987-97), Agasthiarmalai (TN). |
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Threats |
Harvest
for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L), Trade of parts (Tp). |
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Trade |
Local,
commercial |
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Other comments |
Stem
bark is traded, used in Ayurveda system. Proportion global population
in Tamil Nadu < 1%. |
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Status |
|
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-IUCN: |
VU (KA) |
DD (KL) |
LRnt (TN) |
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- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a) – KA |
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- CITES |
No |
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- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
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- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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Recommendations |
|
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- Research management |
Habitat
management (Hm), Trade needed (O). |
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- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
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- Cultivation |
Level
1 (ex-situ) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level
2 (Moderately difficult) |
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Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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- Names of facilities |
Sample
specimen grown in KFRI. |
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Previous assessment |
VU (Regionally), DD
(Globally) in Camp II (Feb 96) compiled by S.S.R.Bennet, V.Chelladurai,
R.J.R.Daniels, C.G.Kushalappa, Michael Maunder, A.G.Pandurangan, Purshottam
Singh, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, B.V.Shetty, M.Sivadasan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon,
M.B.Viswanathan. |
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Sources |
V.S.Ramachandran,
N.Sasidharan, K.Ravikumar, P.S.Udayan, R.Gopalan, R.Ganesan, S.P.Subramani
(persn. observn.). |
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Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy,
D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan V.Prabhakaran,
V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan,
A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty, B.S.Somashekhar,
T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy
Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon,
M.B.Viswanathan. |
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