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1. Botanical name |
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. |
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2. Synonym(s) |
Zanthoxylum
alatum Roxb. |
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3. Family |
Rutaceae
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4. Taxonomic status |
Species |
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5. Vernacular names |
Tumbru,
Tejphal, Tejbal, Timbri |
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6. Habit |
Shrub |
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7. Habitat |
Dry
revines, forest fringe |
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8. Original global distribution |
Kasmir
to SW China, SE Asia |
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9. Current regional distribution |
Himachal
Pradesh |
Ramnagar,
Billawar, Poonch, Katra |
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Jammu
& Kashmir |
Kullu,
Shimla, Mandi, Kangra, Lahaul |
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Uttaranchal |
Through
out the state between 800 – 2,000 m |
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10. Elevation range (m) |
800
– 2,000 |
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11. Population
Reduction – PR
|
States
|
<
30% |
30
to 49% |
50
to < 80% |
³
80% |
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Himachal
Pradesh |
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|
ü |
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Jammu
& Kashmir |
|
ü |
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Uttaranchal |
|
ü |
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Data quality |
2, 3
|
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11 a. Time/Rate (years/generations) |
3
generations |
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12. Extent of Occurrence –
EOO |
> 20, 000 Km2
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13. Area of Occupancy –
AOO |
> 2, 000 Km2 |
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14. No. of locations / sub-populations |
Himachal Pradesh |
Jammu
& Kashmir |
Uttaranchal |
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Several |
Several |
Many |
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14 a. Data quality |
1,
2, 3
|
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15. Threats |
Hp
(Harvest for parts, Hm (Harverst for medicine), Tp (Traded for parts), L
(Loss of habitat) |
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16. Trade |
Name(s) |
Timur,
Be tomar (seed), Nepali dhania
|
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Level(s) |
Local
ü |
Regional
ü |
National
ü |
Global
ü |
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Parts
traded |
Stem,
seed, bark, fruit
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Effect
on population |
Declining |
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Data
quality |
2,
3, 4 |
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17. Other comments |
·
Extensively exploited for tooth powders and OTC products ·
Oil is extracted from seeds and fruits which is very costly ·
In Munsiyari area the juice of fruits is relished during winter |
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18. Recent field studies |
·
H.K. Badoli, 1998 – 2002 ·
Vaneet jishtu, 2002 ·
N. S Chauhan, 1999 ·
Samant et.al. 1998, 2001 |
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19. Status |
Himachal Pradesh |
Jammu & Kashmir |
Uttaranchal |
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- CITES
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- Legislation |
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- Criteria
based on |
EN (A 2 c, d) |
VU (A 2 c, d) |
VU (A 2 c, d) |
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- IUCN |
EN |
VU |
VU |
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20. % of global presence |
2-5 % |
5 % |
2 % |
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21. Existing Conservation measures |
-
|
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22. Is the presence of taxon
continuous with neighbouring areas ? |
Yes
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23. Are the outside populations
also under similar threats / pressures? |
Yes
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24. Recommendations |
S
(Survey), M (Monitoring), Lh (Life history studies) Hm
(Habitat management), Lr (Limiting factor research), |
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Research / Management |
Propagation
techniques |
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a) in situ |
- |
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b) ex situ |
- |
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i)
Cultivation |
Level
2 |
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ii)
Level of difficulty in propagation / cultivation |
3
(Very difficult) Difficulty
in propagation from seed is due to seed dormancy and has been broken by
different physico-chemical treatments where the germination percent has been
found to increase by >50% (Shashisharma, HPU, 1986) |
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25. Existing cultivation- |
- |
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26. Previous assessment |
- |
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27. Data sources (Including literature) |
§
H.K. Badoli, 1998 – 2002 §
Vaneet jishtu, 2002 §
N. S Chauhan, 1999 §
Samant et.al. 1998, 2001 |
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28. Compilers |
Rekha Naithani, N.K. Bhardwaj, Kailash Sharma, R. K.
Verma, Vaneet Jishtu, Rajender Kumar, Ranjit Rawat (Recorder), N. S. Chauhan (Facilitator), Vinay Tandon, H. K.
Badola |
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29. Reviewers |
H. B. Naithani, S. S. Samant, V. P. Bhat, M. C.
Nautiyal, S. K. Murti, G. A. Kinhal, R. Vijaya Sankar |
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