|
Species (& synonyms) |
Heracleum candolleanum (Wight & Arn.) Gamble |
|
Vernacular name |
Not
Known |
|
Family |
APIACEAE
|
|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
|
Habit |
Perennial
herb |
|
Habitat |
Montane
shola grasslands |
|
Original global
distribution |
ENDEMIC to Southern India |
|
Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu. |
|
- Elevation (m) |
1,500
- 2,000 |
|
- Range (km2) |
>
20,000 |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
>
2,000 |
|
- No. of locations |
Many,
fragmented. |
|
Population Trends |
|
|
- % decline |
>
20 |
|
- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
10
years |
|
- No. of mature individuals |
<
2,500 |
|
Global population |
Gradually
declining |
|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
|
Data quality |
General
field studies and herbarium data |
|
Recent field studies |
A.G.Pandurangan,
A.E.Shanawaz Khan (1995-96), Agasthiarmalai and Munnar; N.Mohanan (1994-95),
Agasthiarmalai (KL). K.Ravikumar
(1993-95), Kodaikanal; M.B.Viswanathan (1993), Kolli Hills; P.S.Udayan
(1996), Pykara, Nilgiris (TN). |
|
Threats |
Harvest
for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L), Trade (T). |
|
Trade |
Commercial |
|
Other comments |
Substitute
for H. ringens. Whole plant dried
and sold to Ayurvedic industry. Seeds are in trade. Tubers are collected by
local health practitioners. |
|
Status |
|
|
- IUCN |
VULNERABLE (VU) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a.c.d) |
|
- CITES |
No |
|
- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
|
- National legialation |
Not in negative list of
exports (Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
|
Recommendations |
|
|
- Research management |
Monitoring
(M), Habitat management (Hm). |
|
- P.H.V.A. |
No |
|
Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
|
- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
|
- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) (high altitude specific) |
|
Existing cultivation |
None |
|
- Names of facilities |
|
|
Previous assessment |
VU in CAMP - III (Jan. ‘97) compiled by
B.V.Shetty, Purushotham Singh, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, A.G.Pandurangan,
J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha, R.Latha. |
|
Sources |
A.G.Pandurangan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, N.Mohanan, K.Ravikumar, M.B.Viswanathan, P.S.Udayan. (persn. observn.). |
|
Compilers |
M.P.Nayar,
J.L.Ellis, B.Gurudev Singh, C.G.Kushalappa, P.S.Udayan, R.Gopalan,
A.E.Shanawaz Khan, D.Suresh Baburaj, S.Noorunnisa Begum, V.Prabhakaran, Anjali
Wadehra. |
|
Reviewers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjana Mudappa,
S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, K.R.Geetha, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan,
A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty, B.S.Somashekhar,
T.S.Sreenivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy
Oommen, M.H.Swaminath, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |