|
Species (& synonyms) |
Gardenia gummifera L.f. |
|
Vernacular name |
Kambli (Tam.); Gandharajan (Mal.); Bikke (Kan.). |
|
Family |
RUBIACEAE |
|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
|
Habit |
Shrub |
|
Habitat |
Dry-deciduous,
scrub-jungles. |
|
Original global
distribution |
ENDEMIC to peninsular India |
|
Current regional
distribution |
Kerala,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh. |
|
- Elevation (m) |
80
- 1,100 |
|
- Range (km2) |
>
20,000 |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
>
2,000 |
|
- No. of locations |
Many,
fragmented. |
|
Population Trends |
|
|
- % decline |
>
20 |
|
- Time/Rate (years or
generations) |
3
generations |
|
- No. of mature individuals |
Not
known |
|
Global population |
Not
known |
|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
|
Data quality |
General
field studies |
|
Recent field studies |
K.Ravikumar
(1998), Bevanahalli near Sirigere and Bukkapatna, Sidharbetta and Adhi
Nayakkana halli near Tiptur; P.S.Udayan (1998), Kolar and Mysore;
S.P.Subramani (1997-98), Rangapanhalli forest, Jogimatti, Garaga kaval,
Bevina halli, Kudure kanivu, Neerthadi and Sogal (KA). N.Sasidharan (1994-97), Marayoor in Chinnar; P.S.Udayan
(1998), Marayoor (KL). P.S.Udayan
(1997), Chitheri; K.Ravikumar (1998), PAF MPCP, Pudukottai; S.P.Subramani
(1997-98), Sundramagalinga malai (TN). |
|
Threats |
Loss
of Habitat (L), (Mining in Karnataka – observed near Bukkapatna and Bevanahalli,
K.Ravikumar, 1998). |
|
Trade |
Local |
|
Other comments |
Often
confused with Gardenia resinifera |
|
Status |
|
|
- IUCN |
VULNERABLE (VU) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a.c ) |
|
- CITES |
Not
listed |
|
- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
|
- National legislation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13-4-98, 1997-2002) |
|
Recommendations |
|
|
- Research management |
|
|
- P.H.V.A. |
No |
|
Cultivation prog. Recommendations |
Yes |
|
- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
|
- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) |
|
Existing cultivation |
None |
|
- Names of facilities |
Nil |
|
Previous assessment |
VU in CAMP-
I (Feb.‘ 95) compiled by N.Anil Kumar, P.Balasubramanian, M.P.Nayar,
A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, D.Ramkanth, C.J.Saldanha,
Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, U.S.Seal, A.N.Shetty, B.V.Shetty,
C.K.Sreedharan, K.N.Subramanian, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon |
|
Sources |
N.Sasidharan,
P.S.Udayan, K.Ravikumar (persn. observn.). |
|
Compilers |
N.Sasidharan,
S.S.R.Bennet, T.Ananda Rao, K.Ravikumar, M.B.Viswanathan, V.Irudayaraj, Mohan
Karnat, Subhash Mali, Sumy Oommen. |
|
Reviewers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana Mudappa,
S.Aroumougame, J.L.Ellis, Dasappa, K.R.Geetha, R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh,
V.P.Hiremath, C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan,
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, Sanjay Molur, C.Seema,
Y.N.Seetharam, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, B.V.Shetty, B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa
Murthy, D.Stephen, S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan,
D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon. |