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Species (& synonyms) |
Holostemma ada-kodien Shult. =H.annulare (Roxb.) K.Schum. |
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Vernacular name |
Adapathiyan (Mal.) |
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Family |
ASCLEPIADACEAE |
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Taxonomic status |
Species |
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|
Habit |
Tuberous
twiner |
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Habitat |
Dry
and moist deciduous forests |
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Original global
distribution |
Penisular
India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Tropical Himalayan and western China |
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Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
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- Elevation (m) |
± 800 |
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- Range (km2) |
<
20,000 (KA) |
5,000
(KL) |
>
20,000 (TN) |
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- Area occupied (km2) |
<
2,000 (KA) |
<
150 (KL) |
>
2,000 (TN) |
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- No. of locations |
Many |
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Population Trends |
|
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|
- % decline |
>
20 (KA) |
>
50 (KL) |
>
10 (TN) |
|
- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
10
years |
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- No. of mature individuals |
Many |
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|
Global population |
Not
assessed |
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|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
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|
Data quality |
General
field studies and herbarium data |
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|
Recent field studies |
Y.N.Seetharam
(1997), Sandur; B.S.Somashekhar (1997), Chitradurga; K.Ravikumar (1997),
Bevina halli, Tiptur; S.P.Subramani (1998), Bevina halli, Garaga kaval, Warkhad,
Kudure kanivu, Neerthadi, Sogal (KA).
P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Ayyappanmala, Mulayankadu, Nellikkuttam, Konnakkadavu
and Ambalamala, Edavani, Palakambu, (KL).
D.Stephen (1994), Mudumalai; M.B.Viswanathan (1993), N.Arcot;
V.S.Ramachandran (1997), Thadagam; K.Ravikumar (1997), Chinna kalarayan (TN). |
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Threats |
Over
exploitation (Ov), Human interference (I), Harvest for medicine (Hm), Trade
(T). |
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Trade |
Domestic,
commercial. |
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Other comments |
High
quantity usage for Ayurvedic purpose. Highly priced tubers [Rs100/kg].
Overgrazing by the rodents for its sweet leaves prevents its regeneration.
Export prohibited since March 1994. Proportion global population in Tamil
Nadu is < 5 %. |
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Status |
|
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|
- IUCN |
VU (KA) |
EN (KL) |
LRnt (TN) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a.d) – KA Population
reduction (Aa.d), Extent of occurrence (B2a) – KL |
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- CITES |
No |
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- IWPA |
No |
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- National legialation |
Not in negative list of
exports (Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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Recommendations |
|
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- Research management |
Limiting
factor management (Lm), Habitat management (Hm). |
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- P.H.V.A. |
Yes |
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Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
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- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) |
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Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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- Names of facilities |
FRLHT’s
ex-situ conservation sites (TBGRI,
CIMH); Agricultural college, Thrissur. |
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Previous assessment |
VU in CAMP- I (Feb.’95) compiled by N.Anil Kumar,
P.Balasubramanian, M.P.Nayar, A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh,
D.Ramkanth, C.J.Saldanha, Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, U.S.Seal,
A.N.Shetty, B.V.Shetty, C.K.Sreedharan, K.N.Subramanian, D.K.Ved, Vinay
Tandon |
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Sources |
Y.N.Seetharam,
B.S.Somashekhar, P.S.Udayan, D.Stephen, V.S.Ramachandran, M.B.Viswanathan
(persn. observn.). |
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Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan,
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali,
S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath,
P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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