|
Species (& synonyms) |
Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.- Ham.) Oken = H. laurifolia (Dennst.) Sleumer |
|
Vernacular name |
Chaalmorga yennamara (Kan.); Marotti (Mal.); Neeradimuthu (Tam.). |
|
Family |
FLACOURTIACEAE
|
|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
|
Habit |
Tree |
|
Habitat |
Moist
deciduous to semi-evergreen forest |
|
Original global
distribution |
ENDEMIC to Western Ghats |
|
Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
|
- Elevation (m) |
Up
to 850 |
|
- Range (km2) |
<
20,000 |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
<
2,000 |
|
- No. of locations |
Not
known |
|
Population Trends |
|
|
- % decline |
>
20 |
|
- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
3
generations |
|
- No. of mature individuals |
Not
known |
|
Global population |
Gradually
declining |
|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
|
Data quality |
General
field studies and herbarium data |
|
Recent field studies |
K.R.Keshava
Murthy (19..), Patoli, Uttara Kannada; C.G.Kushalappa (1996 -97), Kunda,
Makut in Coorg; K.Ravikumar, P.S.Udayan and S.P.Subramani (1996-98),
Talacauveri, Charmady, Subramanya, Kudremukha and Agumbe MPCAs; P.S.Udayan
(1996-97), Asoga forest, Jambotti forest; S.P.Subramani (1998), Kirpoli forest,
Warkhad forest, Belgaum Dist. (KA).
A.E.Shanawaz Khan (19..), Thiruvananthapuram and Pathanamthitta Dist.;
S.Aroumougame (1996), Adupukooti Malai, Palakkad; N.Anil Kumar (1992-93),
Pathanamthitta, Wynaad; P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Kulamavu, Nellikkuttam, Muthikulam,
Thommankuth, Konnakkadavu and Ambalamala, Moozhikkal, Nilakkal and
Nelliyampathy (KL). K.Ravikumar
(1983-98), Siruli falls, Bodi Mettu, Pachakumatchi hills, Madurai Dist.;
V.S.Ramachandran (1995), Top Slip and Courtallum MPCA; D.Stephen (1987-93),
Mudumalai WLS, Nilgiris (TN). |
|
Threats |
Loss
of habitat (L), Harvest for medicine (Hm), Trade (T), Over-exploitation (Ov),
Predation. |
|
Trade |
Commercial |
|
Other comments |
Seeds
are harvested for Chaalomogra oil, used to cure leprosy. Fresh seeds sold for
Rs. 16/- per kg. Tribals using this seed as fish stupefying agent. Monkeys
and squirrels eat immature seeds. |
|
Status |
|
|
- IUCN |
VULNERABLE (VU) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a.c.d ) |
|
- CITES |
No |
|
- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
|
- National legialation |
Not in negative list of
exports (Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
|
Recommendations |
|
|
- Research management |
Monitoring
(M), Life history studies (Lh). |
|
- P.H.V.A. |
No |
|
Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
|
- Cultivation |
Level
1 (ex-situ) |
|
- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) |
|
Existing cultivation |
Yes |
|
- Names of facilities |
Arboretum
of Mangalore University, CIMH - MPCP. |
|
Previous assessment |
VU in CAMP - III (Jan.‘97) compiled by
P.Venu, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, C.G.Kushalappa, S.P.Subramani, A.E.Shanawaz
Khan, S.Noorunnisa Begum, Caroline Priya. |
|
Sources |
A.E.Shanawaz
Khan, C.G.Kushalappa, V.S.Ramachandran, N.Anil Kumar, K.R.Keshava Murthy,
S.Aroumougame, D.Stephen, K.Ravikumar, P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani (persn.
observn.). |
|
Compilers |
M.P.Nayar,
J.L.Ellis, B.Gurudev Singh, C.G.Kushalappa, P.S.Udayan, R.Gopalan,
A.E.Shanawaz Khan, D.Suresh Baburaj, S.Noorunnisa Begum, V.Prabhakaran,
Anjali Wadehra. |
|
Reviewers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjana Mudappa,
S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, K.R.Geetha, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy,
D.Narasimhan, A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar,
Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali,
S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, M.H.Swaminath, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon,
M.B.Viswanathan. |