|
Species (& synonyms) |
Madhuca longifolia (Koenig)
Macbr. =Bassia
longifolia Koenig |
||
|
Vernacular name |
Hippe mara (Kan.); Illippa (Mal.); Illuppai (Tam.) |
||
|
Family |
SAPOTACEAE |
||
|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
||
|
Habit |
Tree |
||
|
Habitat |
Plains to deciduous forests |
||
|
Original global
distribution |
India, tropical Himalayas and Sri Lanka |
||
|
Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
||
|
- Elevation (m) |
Plains to 1,000 |
||
|
- Range (km2) |
>20,000
(KA) |
Not
known (KL) |
>
20,000 (TN) |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
>2,000
(KA) |
Not
known (KL) |
>
2,000 (TN) |
|
- No. of locations |
Many (KA) |
Not known (KL) |
Many (TN) |
|
Population Trends |
|
||
|
- % decline |
>
20 (KA) |
Not
known (KL) |
No
Decline (TN) |
|
- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
3 generations |
||
|
- No. of mature individuals |
Not
known (KA) |
Not
known (KL) |
>
10,000 (TN) |
|
Global population |
Not assessed |
||
|
Regional population |
Declining gradually |
||
|
Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings, indirect observation, literature and herbarium data. |
||
|
Recent field studies |
Devarayanadurga
MPCA; S.P.Subramani (1997), Bidare kaval (KA). K.Ravikumar (1980-87), almost all districts in Tamil Nadu
especially in plains and deciduous forests; P.S.Udayan (1996-98),
Puliyansolai forest; M.B.Viswanathan (1994-96), North Arcot, Kolli hills (TN). |
||
|
Threats |
Harvest
for timber (Ht), Harvest for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L), Browsing and
grazing, Trade (T), Exploited for arrack. |
||
|
Trade |
Local, commercial. |
||
|
Other comments |
Flowers
used in brewing country arrack. Seed oil is edible and medicinal. Wood is of
timber value. Seeds, flowers and heartwood are traded. A very common avenue
trees and also planted along State and National highways roadside. Plants
seen in groves around folk temple premises in different parts of Tamil Nadu
and in shandy places. |
||
|
Status |
|
||
|
- IUCN |
VU (KA) |
NE (KL) |
LRlc (TN) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a.c) – KA |
||
|
- CITES |
No |
||
|
- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
||
|
- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
||
|
Recommendations |
|
||
|
- Research management |
Habitat
management (Hm), Monitoring (M). Trade studies are essential. |
||
|
- P.H.V.A. |
No |
||
|
Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
||
|
- Cultivation |
Level 1 (ex-situ) |
||
|
- Level of difficulty |
Level 3 (Least difficult) |
||
|
Existing cultivation |
Yes |
||
|
- Names of facilities |
Grown
as avenue trees, sacred groves and shandy places and along highways roadside.
Seedlings are available in almost all MPCPs of Tamil Nadu. |
||
|
Previous assessment |
EN (Regionally); DD
(Globally) in CAMP–III (Jan.‘97) compiled by M.P.Nayar, M.D.Subhash Chandran,
S.N.Yoganarasimhan, M.Abdul Kareem, M.B.Viswanathan, Vinay Tandon, S.Aroumougame,
S.S.R.Bennet. |
||
|
Sources |
K.Ravikumar,
M.B.Viswanathan (persn. observn.). |
||
|
Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan,
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali,
S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath,
P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
||