|
Species (& synonyms) |
Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees) Bremek. (Strobilanthus ciliatus Nees) |
|
Vernacular name |
Karimkurunji (Mal.); Kurunji, Chinna kurunji (Tam.). |
|
Family |
ACANTHACEAE |
|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
|
Habit |
Shrub |
|
Habitat |
Semi-evergreen
to evergreen forest |
|
Original global
distribution |
ENDEMIC to
Western Ghats |
|
Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu. |
|
- Elevation (m) |
700
- 1,000 |
|
- Range (km2) |
<
20,000 |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
<
2,000 |
|
- No. of locations |
Fragmented
to location of some extent |
|
Population Trends |
|
|
- % decline |
>
50 |
|
- Time/Rate (years or
generations) |
10
years |
|
- No. of mature individuals |
10,000
– 20,000 |
|
Global population |
Declining |
|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
|
Data quality |
General
field studies |
|
Recent field studies |
K.Ravikumar,
P.S.Udayan and S.P.Subramani (1998), Subramanya MPCA (KA). V.S.Ramachandran (1992-1999), Wynaad; N.Anil Kumar (19..),
(Flora of Pathanamthitta); Malappuram, & Wynaad Dist,. N.Sasidharan
(19..), (Flora of Thrissur); K.Ravikumar (1999), Peechi MPCA; P.S.Udayan
(1998), Nellikkuttam forest, Mannavan shola (KL). |
|
Threats |
Harvest
for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L), Trade of roots (Tp), Over-exploitation
(Ov). |
|
Trade |
Local
(high market value) |
|
Other comments |
Neo-endemic
genus of southern India, used in large number (25) of
formulations in Ayurvedic medicine. |
|
Status |
|
|
- IUCN |
ENDANGERED (EN) |
|
- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (Aa,d) |
|
- CITES |
No |
|
- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
|
- National legislation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
|
Recommendations |
|
|
- Research management |
Habitat
management (Hm), Taxonomic and morphological genetic studies (T). |
|
- P.H.V.A. |
No |
|
Cultivation prog. Recommendations |
|
|
- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
|
- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) |
|
Existing cultivation |
Yes |
|
- Names of facilities |
Experimental
cultivation by Kottakal Arya Vaidyasala in Kozhikode and MSSRF in Wynaad. |
|
Previous assessment |
EN in CAMP- II (Feb. ‘ 96) compiled and reviewed by
Michael Maunder, B.V.Shetty, S.S.R.Bennet, M.Sivadasan, N.Sasidharan,
A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, D.K.Ved, K.Ravikumar, C.G.Kushalappa,
V.Chelladurai, M.B.Viswanathan, Vinay Tandon, Sanjay Molur, Sally Walker,
R.J.R.Daniels, B.Majumdar, K.Indira Kalyanasundaram, P.Singh, G.S.Goraya,
B.A.Daniel, B.Vijayakumar, C.Gunasekaran, Meera Iyer, M.Abdul Kareem,
S.Noorunnisa Begum, K.K.Nandawana, Pratiba Vinay, Brinda. |
|
Sources |
N.Anil
Kumar, V.S.Ramachandran, N.Sasidharan, K.Ravikumar, P.S.Udayan,
S.P.Subramani. (persn. observn.). |
|
Compilers |
B.V.Shetty,
N.Anil Kumar, S.P.Subramani, S.Aroumougame, Sanjay Molur, B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Suma,
M.H.Swaminath, V.P.Hiremath. |
Reviewers
|
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana Mudappa,
S.S.R.Bennet, J.L.Ellis, Dasappa, K.R.Geetha, R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh,
V.Irudayaraj, C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat,
N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum,
A.G.Pandurangan, V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar,
N.Sasidharan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, T.S.Srinivasa
Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, P.S.Udayan,
D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |