Species	Operculina turptethum (L.) S. Manso
Synonyms	Merremia turpethum (L.) Shah & Bhat Ipomoea turpethum (L.) R.Br. Convolvulus turpethum L.
Family	Convolvulaceae
Vernacular Name	Nishottar, Nishot, Dudhkalmi
Trade Name	Nishottar
Taxonomic status	Species
Habit	Twinner
Forest Type Microhabitat	Dry & Moist deciduous, Costal planes -----
Original Global distribution	Africa, Tropical Asia, Australia
Regional distribution (Maharashtra)	Throughout Maharashtra
Elevation	0-1100 meters
Extent of Occurrence (EOO)	>20,000 km^2
Area of Occupancy (AOO)	>2000 km^2
No. of locations	>10
Generation time	----
Population trends - % decline	> 50 %
Time / Rate (Yrs./ Generation)	10 years
Population distribution	Fragmented
Data Quality	General field studies & Literature
Recent field studies	Naik V.N. (1970-2000) Marathwada, Upadhye (1985- 2000) Western Maharashtra, Yadav S.S. (1985-2000) Khandesh
Threats	L – Loss of habitat, Ov – Over exploitation, Hm – Harvest for medicine, Tp – Trade for parts including bark, fruit etc.
Other comments	Destructive harvesting because roots have medicinal value.
Status: IUCN	EN – Endangered
Criteria based on	A 2 e
CITES	No
Presence in Protected Areas	Yes
Research Recommendations	------
Management Recommendations	------
Cultivation Recommendations Level of difficulty	Level 1 Least difficult
Sources	Flora of Marathwada, V.N.Naik Flora of Maharashtra, M.R. Almeida Flora of Maharashtra, Dicotyledons, N.P.Singh & S. Karthikeyan, Flora of Nasik, P. Lakshminarasimhan & B.D. Sharma Flora of Nagpur, Ugemuge Flora of Akola, S.Y.Kamble & S.G.Pradhan Flora of Yavatmal, S. Kartikeyan & Anand Kumar Flora of Buldhana, P.G. Diwakar & B.D. Sharma Flora of Melghat, Dhore & Joshi Flora of Chandrapur, S. K. Malhotra & S. Moorthy
Compilers	Challare B., Chaudhary C., Jadhav Guruji, Jagtap S., Khankane, Kulkarni M., Naik V., Patil S., Pawara C., Prasad V., Ravikumar K., Reddy, Upadhye A., Vartak V., Yadav S.