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Species (& synonyms) |
Piper nigrum L. |
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Vernacular name |
Kari menasu (Kan.); Kurumulaku (Mal.); Melagu (Tam.). |
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Family |
PIPERACEAE |
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Taxonomic status |
Species |
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Habit |
Climber |
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Habitat |
Moist
deciduous to shola forests |
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Original global
distribution |
Peninsular
India and Sri Lanka |
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Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu. |
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- Elevation (m) |
600
– 2,000 |
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- Range (km2) |
>
50,000 (KA) |
<
4,000 (KL) |
>
20,000 (TN) |
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- Area occupied (km2) |
>
5,000 (KA) |
<
400 (KL) |
>
2,000 (TN). |
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- No. of locations |
Many
(KA) |
Many
(KL) |
Many
(TN) |
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Population Trends |
|
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- % decline |
10
(KA) |
<
20 (KL) |
No
decline |
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- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
10
years |
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- No. of mature individuals |
>
5,000 (KA) |
>
10,000 (KL) |
>
10,000 (TN) |
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Global population |
Not
assessed |
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Regional population |
Stable |
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Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings, indirect observation, literature and
herbarium data. |
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|
Recent field studies |
K.Ravikumar,
G.S.Goraya, P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani (1996-98), BRT Hills, Kudremukha,
Subramanya, Charmady, Devimane, Agumbe, Kemmangundi, Talacauveri MPCAs;
P.S.Udayan (1997), Jambotti forest; S.P.Subramani (1998), Kirpoli (KA). N.Sasidharan (1995),
Pathanamthitta, Thrissur, Chendurney, Periyar, Wynaad, Idukki, Palakkad;
A.G.Pandurangan (1995), Idukki, Athirapalli, Pamba, Triveni; K.Ravikumar
(1994-95), Ponmudi, Munnar, Devikulam; P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Kulamavu,
Purakkayam, Nellikkuttam forest, Thommankuth, Konnakkadavu, Ambalamala,
Moozhikkal, Ponthanpuzha, Nilakkal, Mannavan shola and Nelliyampathy (KL). M.B.Viswanathan (1995), Kolli
hills; D.Stephen (1994), Nilgiris; K.Ravikumar (1983-98), Bodi Mettu, Velli
malai, Pachakumatchi hills, Kolli hills, Agasthiarmalai, Upper Kodayar,
Mahendragiri, Keeri parai, Indira Gandhi WLS, Anamalais, Courtallum hills,
Yercaud, Kodaikanal, Palani hills; R.Gopalan (1996), Tirunelveli; Viswanath
(1995-98), KMTR; Bennet (1998), Peechiparai, Kanniyakumari; Suresh Baburaj
(1997), Nilgiris, Kotagiri; Jebaraj (1997), Palani hills (TN). |
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Threats |
Harvest
for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L), Trade of parts (Tp), Over
exploitation (Ov); Harvest for food (Hf). |
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Trade |
Local,
commercial, International. |
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Other comments |
Pepper
Research Station, Sirsi has updated information. Karnataka FD study report on
NTFP has more information on trade. Proportion global population in
Tamil Nadu < 25%. |
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Status |
|
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-IUCN: |
LRnt (KA) |
LRlc (KL) |
LRnt (TN) |
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- Criteria based on |
Not
applicable |
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- CITES |
No |
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- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
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- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13-4.98, 1997-2002) |
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Recommendations |
|
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- Research management |
Monitoring
(M), Limiting factor research (Lr), Husbandry research (H). |
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- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
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- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level
2 (Moderately difficult) |
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Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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- Names of facilities |
Calicut
PRS, in Indian Spice Research Institute, Kerala Agriculture Institute, PRS,
Sirsi, TBGRI, KFRI and many MPCPs. |
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Previous assessment |
VU in Camp II (Feb 96) compiled by S.S.R.Bennet,
V.Chelladurai, R.J.R.Daniels, C.G.Kushalappa, Michael Maunder,
A.G.Pandurangan, Purshottam Singh, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar,
Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, B.V.Shetty, M.Sivadasan, D.K.Ved,
Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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Sources |
N.Sasidharan,
P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani, K.Ravikumar, V.S.Ramachandran, M.Sivadasan,
A.G.Pandurangan, D.Stephen, M.B.Viswanathan, R.Gopalan, Viswanath,
S.S.R.Bennet, Suresh Baburaj, Jebaraj (persn. observn.). |
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Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan,
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali,
S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath,
P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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