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Species (& synonyms) |
Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) Moore subsp. laurina (Retz.) Nooteb. =S.spicata Roxb. var. laurina (Retz.) C.B.Clarke |
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Vernacular name |
Changa (Kan.); Pachotti (Mal.); Kambili vetti, Pitha kottai
(Tam.) |
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Family |
SYMPLOCACEAE |
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Taxonomic status |
Subspecies |
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Habit |
Tree |
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Habitat |
Moist
deciduous to Shola forests especially along stream banks |
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Original global
distribution |
Indo-malesia
to China, Japan |
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Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
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- Elevation (m) |
300
– 2,200 |
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- Range (km2) |
>
20,000 (KA) |
>
5,000 (KL) |
>
20,000 (TN) |
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- Area occupied (km2) |
Not
known (KA) |
>
500 (KL) |
>
2,000 (TN) |
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- No. of locations |
>
25 (KA) |
>
25 (KL) |
>
25 (TN) |
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Population Trends |
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- % decline |
<
10 (KA) |
<
10 (KL) |
Nil
(TN) |
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- Time/Rate ( years or
generations) |
3
generations |
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- No. of mature individuals |
Many
(KA) |
>
5,000 (KL) |
>
10,000 (TN) |
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Global population |
Not
assessed |
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Regional population |
Stable |
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Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings, indirect observation and literature. |
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Recent field studies |
K.Ravikumar,
G.S.Goraya, P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani (1997-98), Charmady, Talacauveri,
Subramanya, Kudremukha, Kemmangundi and Agumbe MPCAs; P.S.Udayan (1997), BRT
hills (KA). N.Mohanan (1995),
Agasthiarmalai; N.Sasidharan (1993-97), Wynaad; K.Ravikumar (1994-95),
Munnar; P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Murijan Puzha RF, Kulamavu, Nilakkal, Mannavan
shola (KL). M.B.Viswanathan
(1995), Kolli Hills; V.S.Ramachandran (1998), Nilgiri and Kodaikanal;
K.Ravikumar (1983-97), Kodai Hills, Pachakumatchi hills, Bodi hills, Velli
malai, Tirunelveli hills, Kolli hills, Upper Kodayar forests, Mahendragiri
hills; P.S.Udayan (1990-96), Pykara, Naduvattam, Kotagiri, Kodanadu, Parson’s
Valley, Sispara, Nilgiris. R.Gopalan (1992), Kodayar; M.P.Nayar (1995),
Thadikarakonam; D.Narasimhan (1997), Javadi hills (TN). |
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Threats |
Harvest
for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L), Trade of parts (Tp). |
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Trade |
Local,
commercial. |
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Other comments |
Used
in folk medicine. Proportion global population in Tamil Nadu < 5%. |
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Status |
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-IUCN: |
LRnt (KA) |
LRlc (KL ) |
LRlc (TN) |
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- Criteria based on |
Not
applicable |
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- CITES |
No |
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- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
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- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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Recommendations |
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- Research management |
Habitat
management (Hm) |
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- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
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- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) |
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Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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- Names of facilities |
Samples
specimens are grown in KFRI, TBGRI and other MPCP centers. |
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Previous assessment |
LRnt (Regionally), DD
(Globally) in Camp II (Feb 96) compiled by S.S.R.Bennet, V.Chelladurai,
R.J.R.Daniels, C.G.Kushalappa, Michael Maunder, A.G.Pandurangan, Purshottam
Singh, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, B.V.Shetty, M.Sivadasan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon,
M.B.Viswanathan. |
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Sources |
M.B.Viswanathan,
V.S.Ramachandran, N.Mohanan, N.Sasidharan, K.Ravikumar, P.S.Udayan,
S.P.Subramani, R.Gopalan, M.P.Nayar, D.Narasimhan (persn. observn.). |
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Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D. Stephen, Subhash Mali,
S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath,
P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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