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Species (& synonyms) |
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight &
Arn. |
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|
Vernacular name |
Hole matti, Bili matti (Kan.); Ven
marudhu (Mal.); Neer marudhu, Vella marudhu, Kula marudhu, Matthi, Neer matthi (Tam.) |
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|
Family |
COMBRETACEAE |
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|
Taxonomic status |
Species |
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|
Habit |
Tree |
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|
Habitat |
Plains to moist deciduous forests mainly along
river banks. |
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|
Original global
distribution |
India
and Sri Lanka |
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|
Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka,
Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
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|
- Elevation (m) |
Plains to 1,400 |
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|
- Range (km2) |
>
20,000 (KA) |
<
500 (KL) |
>
20,000 (TN) |
|
- Area occupied (km2) |
>
2,000 (KA) |
<
50 (KL) |
>
2,000 (TN) |
|
- No. of locations |
Many
(KA) |
2
(KL) |
Many
(TN) |
|
Population Trends |
|
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|
- % decline |
<
10 (KA) |
<
10 (KL) |
<
10 (TN) |
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- Time/Rate (years or
generations) |
3 generations |
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|
- No. of mature individuals |
<
2,000 (KA) |
<
250 (KL) |
>
5,000 (TN) |
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Global population |
Not assessed |
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|
Regional population |
Stable |
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|
Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings, indirect observation, literature and
herbarium data. |
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|
Recent field studies |
C.G.Kushalappa
(1995), BRT hills; Seetharam (1995), Sandur and Karpakapalli; P.S.Udayan
(1996), Asoka forest, Belgaum; S.P.Subramani (1998), Yogi kolla and Sogal (KA). A.E.Shanawaz Khan (1987-96),
Palakkad and Kasargod; P.S.Udayan (1998), Marayoor, Idukki; N.Sasidharan and
A.E.Shanawaz Khan (1994), Chinnar; N.Mohanan (1996), Attapady and Mulli,
Palakkad (KL). K.Ravikumar (1994-98), Thenmalai; V.Chelladurai and
S.P.Subramani (1995), Peechiparai; P.S.Udayan (1996), Puliyan sholai,
Shembagathoppu forest, Ayyur forest, Dharmapuri; R.Gopalan (1998),
Tirunelveli; S.S.R.Bennet (1996), Kalakad Mundanthurai, Papnasam;
S.P.Subramani (1997-98), Sirumalai forest, Sastha kovil, Sundramagalinga
forest (TN). |
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|
Threats |
Harvest for Timber (Ht), Over exploitation (Ov),
Harvest for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L). |
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|
Trade |
Local, commercial |
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|
Other comments |
Bark
is used for medicine. Wood is used as timber. Extensively planted along roadsides of National and State
highways. Also planted as an avenue tree and in many Botanical Gardens. There
is a giant tree in Thenmalai MPCA whose girth is 18 m and is said to be of
around 550 years old (K.Ravikumar). Proportion global population in Tamil
Nadu < 5%. |
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|
Status |
|
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|
- IUCN |
LRnt (KA) |
LRnt (KL) |
LRlc (TN) |
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- Criteria based on |
Not applicable |
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- CITES |
No |
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|
- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
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|
- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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|
Recommendations |
|
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|
- Research management |
Monitoring
(M). |
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- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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|
Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
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|
- Cultivation |
Level 2 (in
situ) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level 1 (Least difficult) |
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|
Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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|
- Names of facilities |
Seeds bank of TBGRI. Almost all MPCPs and Forest
Department nurseries. |
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Previous assessment |
LRnt (Regionally) & DD
(Globally) in CAMP–III (Jan.‘97) compiled by P.Venu, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved,
C.G.Kushalappa, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, S.P.Subramani, S.Noorunnisa Begum,
Caroline Priya. |
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|
Sources |
V.Chelladurai,
S.P.Subramani, C.G.Kushalappa, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, P.S.Udayan, K.Ravikumar,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, S.S.R.Bennet, R.Gopalan (persn. observn.). |
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