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Species (& synonyms) |
Aristolochia tagala Cham. |
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Vernacular name |
Eswara balli (Kan.); Garuda kodi (Tam.). |
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Family |
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE |
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Taxonomic status |
Species |
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Habit |
Climber |
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Habitat |
Semi-evergreen
to evergreen forest |
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Original global
distribution |
Indo-malayan
(India, Sri Lanka, West and South China and Malaysia) |
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Current regional
distribution |
Western
Ghats and Eastern Ghats |
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- Elevation (m) |
600
– 1,200 |
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- Range (km2) |
>
50,000 (KA) |
>3,000
(KL) |
>
20,000 (TN) |
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- Area occupied (km2) |
>
5,000 (KA) |
>
100 (KL) |
<
500 (TN) |
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- No. of locations |
Many
(KA) |
100
(KL) |
Many
(TN) |
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Population Trends |
|
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|
- % decline |
>
20 (KA) |
<
10 (KL) |
Not
known (TN) |
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- Time/Rate (years or
generations) |
10
years (KA) |
10
years (KL) |
- |
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- No. of mature individuals |
>
5,000 (KA) |
>
10,000 (KL) |
Few
(TN) |
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Global population |
Not
assessed |
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|
Regional population |
Not
assessed |
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|
Data quality |
General
field studies and herbarium data |
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|
Recent field studies |
K.Ravikumar,
P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani (1997-98), Charmady, Kemmangundi and Kudremukha
MPCAs; Dasappa (1998), Karehalli, Shimoga (KA). P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Kulamavu, Purakkayam, Nellikkuttam,
Konnakkadavu, Ambalamala, Moozhikkal, Nilakkal, Nelliyampathy (KL). M.B.Viswanathan (1993 -95),
Kolli Hills, Tirunelveli; K.Ravikumar and V.Prabhakaran (1998), Kolli hills
MPCA; K.Ravikumar (1986-89), Megamalai; R.Gopalan (1986), Tirunelveli,
Kodayar; S.P.Subramani (1998), Sundramagalinga malai (TN). |
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Threats |
Over
exploitation (Ov), Harvest for medicine (Hm), Trade (T). |
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Trade |
Local
and commercial. |
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Other comments |
High
consumption by the medicine manufactures. Regulate collection from wild. It
is in trade in Pharmaceutical industries (Natural remedies, 1994) and Madurai
Trade zones. This plant leaves are heavily eaten by caterpillars of Indian
Bird wing-butterfly. Tuberous root collected destructively. Chemical studies
with other Aristolochia species
needed. Trade studies essential. Proportion global population in Tamil Nadu
is < 5 %. |
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Status |
|
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- IUCN |
VU (KA) |
LRlc (KL) |
DD (TN) |
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- Criteria based on |
Population
reduction (A1a.d) (KA) |
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- CITES |
Not
listed |
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- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
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- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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Recommendations |
|
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- Research management |
Monitoring
(M), Habitat management (Hm). |
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- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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Cultivation prog.
recommendations |
|
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- Cultivation |
Level
3 (research) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level
1 (Least difficult) |
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Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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- Names of facilities |
Germplasm
collection in CIMH and TBGRI. |
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Previous assessment |
VU in (CAMP-I (Feb.95) compiled by |
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Sources |
Dasappa,
P.S.Udayan, K.Ravikumar, S.P.Subramani, N.Sasidharan, M.B.Viswanathan,
R.Gopalan, V.Prabhakaran. (persn. observn.). |
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Compilers |
M.Abdul
Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana
Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha,
R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram,
C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan,
K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan,
V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur,
N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty,
B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani,
T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved,
Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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