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Species (& synonyms) |
Chonemorpha fragrans (Moon) Alston =C.
macrophylla (Roxb.) G.Don |
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Vernacular name |
Chandra
hoovina balli
(Kan.); Belutta kaka kodi (Mal.). |
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Family |
APOCYNACEAE |
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Taxonomic status |
Species |
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Habit |
Large woody climber |
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Habitat |
Moist deciduous to evergreen forest |
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Original global
distribution |
Indo-malesia |
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Current regional
distribution |
Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu |
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- Elevation (m) |
600 - 1,200 |
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- Range (km2) |
>
20,000 (KA) |
< 3,000 (KL) |
< 5,000 (TN) |
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- Area occupied (km2) |
<
2,000 (KA) |
< 50 (KL) |
< 50 (TN) |
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- No. of locations |
Few,
scattered (KA) |
50 (KL) |
4 (TN) |
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Population Trends |
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- % decline |
> 50 (KA) |
> 20 (KL) |
Not known (TN) |
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- Time/Rate (years or generations) |
10 years |
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- No. of mature individuals |
<
50 (KA) |
<
250 (KL) |
Few
(TN) |
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Global population |
Not assessed |
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Regional population |
Gradually declining |
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Data quality |
General
field studies, informal sightings, indirect observation, literature and
herbarium data |
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Recent field studies |
Dasappa
(1998), North Kannada; M.D.Subhash Chandran (1996), Kumta; K.Ravikumar,
P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani (1997), Someshwara WLS near Agumbe; K.R.Keshava
Murthy (1995), Ansi Ghat, Uttara Kannada; S.P.Subramani (1998), Warkhad; P.S.Udayan
(1997-98), Jambotti forest (KA).
S.Aroumougame (1996), Olavakkode; A.E.Shanawaz Khan (1994-96),
Thiruvananthapuram and Pathanamthitta; N.Mohanan (1994-95), Bonacaud; N.Anil
Kumar (1992-93), Pathanamthitta; N.Sasidharan (1994), Thrissur, Chendurney
WLS, Periyar Tiger Reserve; P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Kulamavu, Thommankuth,
Moozhikkal, Ponthanpuzha and Nilakkal (KL).
K.Ravikumar (1998), Kolli hills, Auroville; D.Stephen (1994), Mudumalai (TN). |
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Threats |
Harvest for medicine (Hm), Loss of habitat (L). |
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Trade |
Commercial, regional. |
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Other comments |
The
new name for species is C. grandiflora
(Roth.) M.R. & S.M.Almeida –Ref.: J.B.N.H.S. Vol. 90:427. 1993. Roots are traded for medicine. Used in
Ayurvedic system. Often grown as ornamental plant. Fruit setting in
cultivated plants is uncommon. |
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Status |
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- IUCN |
EN (KA) |
VU (KL) |
DD (TN) |
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- Criteria based on |
Population reduction (Aa.c.d) – KA Population reduction (A1a.c) – KL |
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- CITES |
No |
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- IWPA (1972; 91) |
No |
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- National legialation |
Not in negative list of exports
(Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997-2002) |
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Recommendations |
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- Research management |
Survey-search
and find (S), Monitoring (M), Life history studies (Lh), Cultivation studies
(O), Husbandry research (H), Trade survey (O). |
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- P.H.V.A. |
No |
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Cultivation prog.
Recommendations |
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- Cultivation |
Level 3 (research) |
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- Level of difficulty |
Level 1 (Least difficult) |
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Existing cultivation |
Yes |
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- Names of facilities |
Experimental cultivation in TBGRI. |
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Previous assessment |
VU in CAMP–III (Jan.‘97) compiled by M.Sivadasan,
K.R.Keshava Murthy, V.S.Ramachandran, V.Chelladurai, G.S.Goraya,
N.Loganathan, Meera Iyer. |
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Sources |
K.R.Keshava
Murthy, N.Mohanan, N.Anil Kumar, S.Aroumougame, A.E.Shanawaz Khan,
P.S.Udayan, M.D.Subhash Chandran (persn. observn.). |
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Compilers |
M.Abdul Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha, R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram, C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan, V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty, B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan. |
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