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1. Botanical name |
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Kuntze |
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2. Synonym(s) |
Colocynthis
vulgaris
Schrad. |
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3. Family |
Cucurbitaceae
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4. Taxonomic status |
Species |
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5. Vernacular names |
Bitter
apple (E), Indrayan, Makal (H) |
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6. Habit |
Climber
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7. Habitat |
In
the forests as epiphyte |
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8. Original global distribution |
Arab,
Central Asia |
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9. Current regional distribution |
Chhattisgarh |
In
pockets |
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Madhya
Pradesh |
In
pockets |
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10. Elevation range (m) |
300
– 900 |
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11. Population
Reduction – PR
|
States
|
<
30% |
30
to 49% |
50
to < 80% |
³
80% |
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Chhattisgarh |
|
ü |
|
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Madhya
Pradesh |
|
ü |
|
|
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Data quality |
2,
3, 4
|
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11 a. Time/Rate (years/generations) |
3
gnerations |
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12. Extent of Occurrence –
EOO |
>20,000Km2
|
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13. Area of Occupancy –
AOO |
>2,000Km2 |
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14. No. of locations / sub-populations |
Chhattisgarh |
Madhya Pradesh |
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Many |
Many |
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14 a. Data quality |
2,
3, 4
|
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15. Threats |
E
(Edaphic factors), Hm (Harvest for medicine), Lf (Loss of Habitat -
fragmentation), T (Trade) |
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16. Trade |
Name(s) |
Bitter
apple, Indrain
|
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Level(s) |
Local
ü |
Regional
ü |
National
|
Global
|
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Parts
traded |
Fruit,
Seed, Root
|
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Effect
on population |
Declining |
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Data
quality |
2,
3, 4
|
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17. Other comments |
|
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18. Recent field studies |
Asolkar, Kakker, Chakre - Glossary of Indian
Medicinal Plants with active principles Part I (A- K). CSIR |
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19. Status |
Chhattisgarh |
Madhya Pradesh |
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- CITES |
- |
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- Legislation |
- |
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- Criteria
based on |
VU
(A 2 c, d) |
VU
(A 2 c, d) |
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- IUCN |
VU |
VU |
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20. % of global presence |
< 1 % |
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21. Existing Conservation measures |
-
|
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22. Is the presence of
taxon continuous with neighbouring areas ? |
Yes
|
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23. Are the outside
populations also under similar threats / pressures? |
Yes
(Orissa, Bihar)
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24. Recommendations |
S
(Survey, search and find) |
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Research / Management |
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a) in situ |
Essential (Scattered and hence difficult) |
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b) ex situ |
- |
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i)
Cultivation |
- |
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ii)
Level of difficulty in propagation / cultivation |
1
(Least difficult) |
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25. Existing cultivation- |
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26. Previous assessment |
|
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27. Data sources (Including literature) |
Asolkar, Kakker, Chakre - Glossary of Indian
Medicinal Plants with active principles Part I (A- K). CSIR |
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28. Compilers |
A.K.
Bhattacharya, S.J. Chipde, K.K. Khanna, A.K. Kulshrestha, Manish
Mishra, A.K. Nagar, T.R. Sahu (Facilitator), D.K. Ved, Dr,
B. Saluja, Suprava Patnaik, Misha Alice Lakra, Anjali Rawat |
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29. Reviewers |
Dr.
R.L.S. Sikarwar, Shahbaz Ahmad, Dr.
U.K. Subuddhi, Dr.
A.K. Jain, Ms Arti Gupta, Dr. J.L. Srivastava, N. Mohan Karnat, Ashutosh
Tripathi, K. Ravikumar, Dr. R. Gupta, Dr. S.S. Bisen |
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