Species (& synonyms)	Embelia ribes Burm.f.
Vernacular name	Vayuvidangu (Kan.); Vizhal (Mal.); Vai velangu (Tam.).
Family	MYRSINACEAE
Taxonomic status	Species
Habit	Liana
Habitat	Moist deciduous to evergreen forests
Original global distribution	Indo-malesia, south China
Current regional distribution	Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu
- Elevation (m)	400 – 1,200
- Range (km^2)	< 20,000 (KA)	< 4,000 (KL)	< 20,000 (TN)
- Area occupied (km^2)	< 2,000 (KA)	< 250 (KL)	< 1,000 (TN)
- No. of locations	Many
Population Trends
- % decline	> 20 (KA)	< 10 (KL)	> 20 (TN)
- Time/Rate (years or generations)	3 generations
- No. of mature individuals	Few hundreds
Global population	Not assessed
Regional population	Declining
Data quality	General field studies, informal sighting and indirect information.
Recent field studies	KFD (1998), Devimane Ghat, Gerusoppa (Uttara Kannada), Talacauveri and Bisle Ghat; K.Ravikumar, G.S.Goraya, P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani (1997-98), Charmady, Subramanya, Agumbe, Kudremukha and Talacauveri MPCAs; K.R.Geetha (1999), Makut, Coorg; B.S.Somashekhar (1998), Agumbe (KA). P.S.Udayan (1997-98), Murinjapuzha, Kulamavu, Peermedu and Mannavan shola, Nelliyampathy; N.Sasidharan (1997), Thenmalai, Thiruvananthapuram, Silent Valley, Chendurney, Thrissur and Chinnar; N.Mohanan (1995), Wynaad and Agasthiarmalai; S.Aroumougame (1995), Nelliyampathy, Mukkali (KL). M.B.Viswanathan (1998), Kalakad, Mundanthurai; Suresh Baburaj (1997), Coonoor; R.Gopalan (1998), Tirunelveli (TN).
Threats	Human interference (I), Loss of Habitat (L), Trade (T), Harvest for medicine (Hm).
Trade	Local, regional, commercial
Other comments	Stem is cut to collect sap for medicinal purpose. Large quantities of fruits are traded to Malaysia. Fruits also used for pickling. Fruits used in Ayurveda and traditional systems of medicine. Proportion global population in Tamil Nadu is < 1 %.
Status
- IUCN	VU (KA)	LRnt (KL)	VU (TN)
- Criteria based on	Population reduction (A1a.d)
- CITES
- IWPA
- National legialation	Not in negative list of exports (Notification 2 (RE-98) dt 13.4.98, 1997–2002)
Recommendations
- Research management	Limiting factor research (Lr)
- P.H.V.A.	No
Cultivation prog. Recommendations
- Cultivation	Level 3 (research)
- Level of difficulty	Level 3 (Very difficult)
Existing cultivation	No
- Names of facilities	Germplasm collections available at TBGRI; AVS, Kottakal.
Previous assessment	LRnt in CAMP-I (Jan.‘97) compiled by N.Anil Kumar, P.Balasubramanian, M.P.Nayar, A.G.Pandurangan, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, D.Ramkanth, C.J.Saldanha, Sally Walker, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, U.S.Seal, A.N.Shetty, B.V.Shetty, C.K.Sreedharan, K.N.Subramanian, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon
Sources	KFD, B.S.Somashekhar, K.Ravikumar, G.S.Goraya, P.S.Udayan, S.P.Subramani, N.Sasidharan, N.Mohanan, S.Aroumougame, M.B.Viswanathan, Suresh Baburaj, R.Gopalan (persn. observn.).
Compilers	M.Abdul Kareem, M.Ahmedullah, T.Ananda Rao, N.Anil Kumar, Anjali Wadehra, Anjana Mudappa, S.Aroumougame, S.S.R.Bennet, Dasappa, J.L.Ellis, K.R.Geetha, R.Gopalan, B.Gurudev Singh, V.P.Hiremath, V.Irudayaraj, Jagat Ram, C.R.Jawahar, P.John Jebaraj, C.G.Kushalappa, Mohan Karnat, N.Mohanan, K.N.Murthy, D.Narasimhan, M.P.Nayar, S.Noorunnisa Begum, A.G.Pandurangan, V.Prabhakaran, V.S.Ramachandran, S.R.Ramesh, K.Ravikumar, Sanjay Molur, N.Sasidharan, A.E.Shanawaz Khan, C.Seema, Y.N.Seetharam, B.V.Shetty, B.S.Somashekhar, T.S.Srinivasa Murthy, D.Stephen, Subhash Mali, S.P.Subramani, T.S.Suma, Sumy Oommen, D.Suresh Baburaj, M.H.Swaminath, P.S.Udayan, D.K.Ved, Vinay Tandon, M.B.Viswanathan.